![]() ![]() In this essay, we aim to frame some crucial psychological, sociological, and cultural aspects of this field of research. In this introduction to the fourth volume of the journal Human-Machine Communication, we present and discuss the nine articles selected for inclusion. Research and practice, and its efficacy as part of a virtual reality exposure-based Results show that this virtual environment may be a promising tool for Genitals), but no significant group*time interactions were found for physiological Large time effects were found for cardiac output and eye fixation (on face, chest, and Increased as the levels of exposure progressed among the high-SA participants, whoĪlso reported significantly more anxiety and disgust than the low-SA group. The changes in SUDS and physiological variables wereĮxamined through repeated measures analyses of variance. Throughout immersion, subjective measures of anxiety and disgust (Subjective Units ofĭiscomfort Scale SUDS), skin conductance, heart rate, cardiac output, and eye Synthetic character showed erotic behaviors of increasing sexual intensity. Immersed in a virtual room and then successively exposed to six scenarios in which a Thirty-nine participants (16 low-SA and 23 high-SA individuals) were Validate a virtual environment’s ability to progressively trigger the typical emotional This study focused on sexual aversion (SA) – namely the experience of fear,ĭisgust, and avoidance when exposed to sexual contexts or cues – and aimed to Specifically, robust quantitative data and samples from outside of Western contexts are needed to better assess how such technologies affect users. ![]() More research in needed to refine theoretical assertions about the potential benefits and harms of human-like and personified sex tech. Although more empirical attention is being paid to users' motivations and experiences, a dearth of research directly addresses these debates. Summary Current debates about sex dolls, sex robots, and personified sex tech frame such devices around the potential for escalation and harm reduction. ![]() While empirical research shows that single middle-aged heterosexual men use sex and sex robots more than women, developments in personified sex tech may push the industry in new directions. Finally, sex doll ownership is primarily researched and theorized in ways that center heterosexual men as the primary users. Another trend is the noticeable focus on developments and users in North American and European countries. ![]() In some cases, theoretical models discussing how people might be affected by human-like and personified sex tech have outpaced the technological capabilities of sex toy manufacturers. First, despite continued calls for empirically driven work, the bulk of research on sex dolls, sex robots, and personified sex tech continues to be theoretical. Recent Findings Review of 87 scholarly books, articles, and essays reveals several trends in the field. This narrative review of scholarship on sex dolls, sex robots, and other forms of personified sex tech covers theoretical debates, recent empirical findings, and identifies gaps for future research in this field. Most sex toys approximating full-sized human bodies are inanimate, but recent advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and digital interfaces are being incorporated into sex toy designs with the aim of providing humanized sexual and emotional experiences for users. Purpose of Review Developments in human-like and personified sex tech require familiarity with a range of technologically sophisticated sex toys. ![]()
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